Intel Paragon | 1992

Intel Paragon


 The Intel Paragon is a discontinued series of massively parallel supercomputers produced by Intel in the 1990s. The Paragon XP/S is a productized version of the experimental Touchstone Delta system built at Caltech, launched in 1992. This system superseded Intel's earlier iPSC/860 system and is based on the Intel i860 RISC microprocessor, with up to 2048 (later up to 4096) i860s connected in a 2D grid. In 1993, an entry-level Paragon XP/E variant was announced with up to 32 compute nodes.

The system architecture consists of diskless compute nodes and a small number of I/O nodes. Since most nodes lack permanent storage, it is possible to switch the compute partition from classified to unclassified by disconnecting classified I/O nodes and connecting an unclassified I/O partition. Intel intended for the Paragon to run the OSF/1 AD distributed operating system on all processors, but this was found to be inefficient, leading to the development of a lightweight kernel called SUNMOS at Sandia National Laboratories.



Oak Ridge National Laboratory operated a Paragon XP/S 150 MP, one of the largest Paragon systems. The prototype for the Intel Paragon was the Intel Delta, built with funding from DARPA and installed at the California Institute of Technology. The Delta was one of the few computers that significantly exceeded Moore's Law.

The computer boards were produced in two variants: the GP16 with 16 MB of memory and two CPUs, and the MP16 with three CPUs. Each node has a B-NIC interface that connects to the mesh routers. The I/O boards have SCSI drive interfaces or HiPPI network connections to provide data to the compute nodes and do not run user applications.

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